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The criteria that active ingredients need to fulfil to be included in the ATC system are:
#Tetracosamide atc4 code
Not all substances have an ATC code assigned and the reason might be that no requests has been received for them. The WHO Collaborating Centre in Oslo establishes new entries in the ATC classification on requests from the users of the system.
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Inclusion of new entries and principles for classification
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Neither is it suitable for guiding decisions about reimbursement, pricing, or therapeutic substitution. It is emphasized that the classification of a substance in the ATC/DDD system is not a recommendation for use, nor does it imply any judgement about efficacy or relative efficacy of drugs and groups of drugs. In fact, there is a strong reluctance to make changes to the classification or the DDDs, where such changes are requested for reasons not directly related to drug consumption studies. By maintaining stable ATC codes and DDDs over time - as aimed by the Centre in Oslo and the Working Group -, research of trends in drug consumption can easily be performed. The ATC/DDD system facilitates the comparison of drug statistics at any level (institution, local, regional, national, or international). ( Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment | 2017) One component of this is the presentation and comparison of drug consumption statistics at international and other levels". "The purpose of the ATC/DDD system is to serve as a tool for drug utilization research in order to improve quality of drug use. Today, the main activities of the Collaborating Centre consist on the development and maintenance of the ATC/DDD system, specifically: classifying drugs according to the ATC system establishing the DDD for those drugs which have been assigned an ATC code reviewing and revising as necessary the ATC classification system and DDDs stimulating and influencing the practical use of the ATC system by cooperating with researchers in the drug utilization field organising training courses in the ATC/DDD methodology and lecturing in courses and seminars organized by others and providing technical support to countries in setting up their national medicines classification systems and build capacity in the use of medicines consumption information. It was recognized that access to standardised and validated information on drug use is essential to allow audit of patterns of drug utilization, identification of problems, educational, or other interventions and monitoring of the outcomes of the interventions. With this approach, WHO intention was to allow a closer integration of international drug utilization studies and other initiatives to achieve universal access to needed drugs and rational use of drugs, especially in developing countries. Subsequently, in 1996, WHO recognised the need to foster the use if the ATC/DDD system as an international standard and the Centre was linked directly to WHO Headquarters in Geneva instead to the WHO Regional Office. The WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics methodology was established in Oslo as the central body responsible for coordinating the use of the methodology for these studies.
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In 1981, the WHO Regional Office for Europe recommended the ATC/DDD system for international drug utilization studies. It was realised at that time that both a classification system and a unit of measure were needed to measure drug use and, subsequently, the DDD as technical unit of measure was developed. Norwegian researchers developed then the ATC classification system by modifying and extending the classification system of the European Pharmaceutical Market Research Association. After the study of Engel and Siderius on the consumption of drugs - showing great differences of drug consumption in six European countries during the period 1966-1967 - and the symposium held in Oslo in 1969 'The Consumption if Drugs' (organised by the WHO Regional Office for Europe) it was agreed that an internationally agreed classification system for drug utilization studies was needed. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification system and the accompanying Defined Daily Doses (DDD) - as measuring units - have their inceptionĀ as a tool for drug utilization studies in the 1960s.